/**
* A simple set of functions to check our version 1.0 update service.
*
* @package WordPress
* @since 2.3.0
*/
/**
* Check WordPress version against the newest version.
*
* The WordPress version, PHP version, and Locale is sent. Checks against the
* WordPress server at api.wordpress.org server. Will only check if WordPress
* isn't installing.
*
* @since 2.3.0
* @global string $wp_version Used to check against the newest WordPress version.
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
* @global string $wp_local_package Locale code of the package.
*
* @param array $extra_stats Extra statistics to report to the WordPress.org API.
* @param bool $force_check Whether to bypass the transient cache and force a fresh update check. Defaults to false, true if $extra_stats is set.
*/
function wp_version_check( $extra_stats = array(), $force_check = false ) {
if ( wp_installing() ) {
return;
}
global $wpdb, $wp_local_package;
// Include an unmodified $wp_version.
require ABSPATH . WPINC . '/version.php';
$php_version = phpversion();
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_core' );
$translations = wp_get_installed_translations( 'core' );
// Invalidate the transient when $wp_version changes.
if ( is_object( $current ) && $wp_version != $current->version_checked ) {
$current = false;
}
if ( ! is_object( $current ) ) {
$current = new stdClass;
$current->updates = array();
$current->version_checked = $wp_version;
}
if ( ! empty( $extra_stats ) ) {
$force_check = true;
}
// Wait 1 minute between multiple version check requests.
$timeout = MINUTE_IN_SECONDS;
$time_not_changed = isset( $current->last_checked ) && $timeout > ( time() - $current->last_checked );
if ( ! $force_check && $time_not_changed ) {
return;
}
/**
* Filters the locale requested for WordPress core translations.
*
* @since 2.8.0
*
* @param string $locale Current locale.
*/
$locale = apply_filters( 'core_version_check_locale', get_locale() );
// Update last_checked for current to prevent multiple blocking requests if request hangs.
$current->last_checked = time();
set_site_transient( 'update_core', $current );
if ( method_exists( $wpdb, 'db_version' ) ) {
$mysql_version = preg_replace( '/[^0-9.].*/', '', $wpdb->db_version() );
} else {
$mysql_version = 'N/A';
}
if ( is_multisite() ) {
$user_count = get_user_count();
$num_blogs = get_blog_count();
$wp_install = network_site_url();
$multisite_enabled = 1;
} else {
$user_count = count_users();
$user_count = $user_count['total_users'];
$multisite_enabled = 0;
$num_blogs = 1;
$wp_install = home_url( '/' );
}
$query = array(
'version' => $wp_version,
'php' => $php_version,
'locale' => $locale,
'mysql' => $mysql_version,
'local_package' => isset( $wp_local_package ) ? $wp_local_package : '',
'blogs' => $num_blogs,
'users' => $user_count,
'multisite_enabled' => $multisite_enabled,
'initial_db_version' => get_site_option( 'initial_db_version' ),
);
/**
* Filter the query arguments sent as part of the core version check.
*
* WARNING: Changing this data may result in your site not receiving security updates.
* Please exercise extreme caution.
*
* @since 4.9.0
*
* @param array $query {
* Version check query arguments.
*
* @type string $version WordPress version number.
* @type string $php PHP version number.
* @type string $locale The locale to retrieve updates for.
* @type string $mysql MySQL version number.
* @type string $local_package The value of the $wp_local_package global, when set.
* @type int $blogs Number of sites on this WordPress installation.
* @type int $users Number of users on this WordPress installation.
* @type int $multisite_enabled Whether this WordPress installation uses Multisite.
* @type int $initial_db_version Database version of WordPress at time of installation.
* }
*/
$query = apply_filters( 'core_version_check_query_args', $query );
$post_body = array(
'translations' => wp_json_encode( $translations ),
);
if ( is_array( $extra_stats ) ) {
$post_body = array_merge( $post_body, $extra_stats );
}
$url = 'http://api.wordpress.org/core/version-check/1.7/?' . http_build_query( $query, null, '&' );
$http_url = $url;
$ssl = wp_http_supports( array( 'ssl' ) );
if ( $ssl ) {
$url = set_url_scheme( $url, 'https' );
}
$doing_cron = wp_doing_cron();
$options = array(
'timeout' => $doing_cron ? 30 : 3,
'user-agent' => 'WordPress/' . $wp_version . '; ' . home_url( '/' ),
'headers' => array(
'wp_install' => $wp_install,
'wp_blog' => home_url( '/' ),
),
'body' => $post_body,
);
$response = wp_remote_post( $url, $options );
if ( $ssl && is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
trigger_error(
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
__( 'An unexpected error occurred. Something may be wrong with WordPress.org or this server’s configuration. If you continue to have problems, please try the support forums .' ),
__( 'https://wordpress.org/support/forums/' )
) . ' ' . __( '(WordPress could not establish a secure connection to WordPress.org. Please contact your server administrator.)' ),
headers_sent() || WP_DEBUG ? E_USER_WARNING : E_USER_NOTICE
);
$response = wp_remote_post( $http_url, $options );
}
if ( is_wp_error( $response ) || 200 != wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $response ) ) {
return;
}
$body = trim( wp_remote_retrieve_body( $response ) );
$body = json_decode( $body, true );
if ( ! is_array( $body ) || ! isset( $body['offers'] ) ) {
return;
}
$offers = $body['offers'];
foreach ( $offers as &$offer ) {
foreach ( $offer as $offer_key => $value ) {
if ( 'packages' == $offer_key ) {
$offer['packages'] = (object) array_intersect_key(
array_map( 'esc_url', $offer['packages'] ),
array_fill_keys( array( 'full', 'no_content', 'new_bundled', 'partial', 'rollback' ), '' )
);
} elseif ( 'download' == $offer_key ) {
$offer['download'] = esc_url( $value );
} else {
$offer[ $offer_key ] = esc_html( $value );
}
}
$offer = (object) array_intersect_key(
$offer,
array_fill_keys(
array(
'response',
'download',
'locale',
'packages',
'current',
'version',
'php_version',
'mysql_version',
'new_bundled',
'partial_version',
'notify_email',
'support_email',
'new_files',
),
''
)
);
}
$updates = new stdClass();
$updates->updates = $offers;
$updates->last_checked = time();
$updates->version_checked = $wp_version;
if ( isset( $body['translations'] ) ) {
$updates->translations = $body['translations'];
}
set_site_transient( 'update_core', $updates );
if ( ! empty( $body['ttl'] ) ) {
$ttl = (int) $body['ttl'];
if ( $ttl && ( time() + $ttl < wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_version_check' ) ) ) {
// Queue an event to re-run the update check in $ttl seconds.
wp_schedule_single_event( time() + $ttl, 'wp_version_check' );
}
}
// Trigger background updates if running non-interactively, and we weren't called from the update handler.
if ( $doing_cron && ! doing_action( 'wp_maybe_auto_update' ) ) {
/**
* Fires during wp_cron, starting the auto update process.
*
* @since 3.9.0
*/
do_action( 'wp_maybe_auto_update' );
}
}
/**
* Check plugin versions against the latest versions hosted on WordPress.org.
*
* The WordPress version, PHP version, and Locale is sent along with a list of
* all plugins installed. Checks against the WordPress server at
* api.wordpress.org. Will only check if WordPress isn't installing.
*
* @since 2.3.0
* @global string $wp_version The WordPress version string.
*
* @param array $extra_stats Extra statistics to report to the WordPress.org API.
*/
function wp_update_plugins( $extra_stats = array() ) {
if ( wp_installing() ) {
return;
}
// Include an unmodified $wp_version.
require ABSPATH . WPINC . '/version.php';
// If running blog-side, bail unless we've not checked in the last 12 hours.
if ( ! function_exists( 'get_plugins' ) ) {
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
}
$plugins = get_plugins();
$translations = wp_get_installed_translations( 'plugins' );
$active = get_option( 'active_plugins', array() );
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
if ( ! is_object( $current ) ) {
$current = new stdClass;
}
$new_option = new stdClass;
$new_option->last_checked = time();
$doing_cron = wp_doing_cron();
// Check for update on a different schedule, depending on the page.
switch ( current_filter() ) {
case 'upgrader_process_complete':
$timeout = 0;
break;
case 'load-update-core.php':
$timeout = MINUTE_IN_SECONDS;
break;
case 'load-plugins.php':
case 'load-update.php':
$timeout = HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
break;
default:
if ( $doing_cron ) {
$timeout = 2 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
} else {
$timeout = 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
}
}
$time_not_changed = isset( $current->last_checked ) && $timeout > ( time() - $current->last_checked );
if ( $time_not_changed && ! $extra_stats ) {
$plugin_changed = false;
foreach ( $plugins as $file => $p ) {
$new_option->checked[ $file ] = $p['Version'];
if ( ! isset( $current->checked[ $file ] ) || strval( $current->checked[ $file ] ) !== strval( $p['Version'] ) ) {
$plugin_changed = true;
}
}
if ( isset( $current->response ) && is_array( $current->response ) ) {
foreach ( $current->response as $plugin_file => $update_details ) {
if ( ! isset( $plugins[ $plugin_file ] ) ) {
$plugin_changed = true;
break;
}
}
}
// Bail if we've checked recently and if nothing has changed.
if ( ! $plugin_changed ) {
return;
}
}
// Update last_checked for current to prevent multiple blocking requests if request hangs.
$current->last_checked = time();
set_site_transient( 'update_plugins', $current );
$to_send = compact( 'plugins', 'active' );
$locales = array_values( get_available_languages() );
/**
* Filters the locales requested for plugin translations.
*
* @since 3.7.0
* @since 4.5.0 The default value of the `$locales` parameter changed to include all locales.
*
* @param array $locales Plugin locales. Default is all available locales of the site.
*/
$locales = apply_filters( 'plugins_update_check_locales', $locales );
$locales = array_unique( $locales );
if ( $doing_cron ) {
$timeout = 30;
} else {
// Three seconds, plus one extra second for every 10 plugins.
$timeout = 3 + (int) ( count( $plugins ) / 10 );
}
$options = array(
'timeout' => $timeout,
'body' => array(
'plugins' => wp_json_encode( $to_send ),
'translations' => wp_json_encode( $translations ),
'locale' => wp_json_encode( $locales ),
'all' => wp_json_encode( true ),
),
'user-agent' => 'WordPress/' . $wp_version . '; ' . home_url( '/' ),
);
if ( $extra_stats ) {
$options['body']['update_stats'] = wp_json_encode( $extra_stats );
}
$url = 'http://api.wordpress.org/plugins/update-check/1.1/';
$http_url = $url;
$ssl = wp_http_supports( array( 'ssl' ) );
if ( $ssl ) {
$url = set_url_scheme( $url, 'https' );
}
$raw_response = wp_remote_post( $url, $options );
if ( $ssl && is_wp_error( $raw_response ) ) {
trigger_error(
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
__( 'An unexpected error occurred. Something may be wrong with WordPress.org or this server’s configuration. If you continue to have problems, please try the support forums .' ),
__( 'https://wordpress.org/support/forums/' )
) . ' ' . __( '(WordPress could not establish a secure connection to WordPress.org. Please contact your server administrator.)' ),
headers_sent() || WP_DEBUG ? E_USER_WARNING : E_USER_NOTICE
);
$raw_response = wp_remote_post( $http_url, $options );
}
if ( is_wp_error( $raw_response ) || 200 != wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $raw_response ) ) {
return;
}
$response = json_decode( wp_remote_retrieve_body( $raw_response ), true );
foreach ( $response['plugins'] as &$plugin ) {
$plugin = (object) $plugin;
if ( isset( $plugin->compatibility ) ) {
$plugin->compatibility = (object) $plugin->compatibility;
foreach ( $plugin->compatibility as &$data ) {
$data = (object) $data;
}
}
}
unset( $plugin, $data );
foreach ( $response['no_update'] as &$plugin ) {
$plugin = (object) $plugin;
}
unset( $plugin );
if ( is_array( $response ) ) {
$new_option->response = $response['plugins'];
$new_option->translations = $response['translations'];
// TODO: Perhaps better to store no_update in a separate transient with an expiry?
$new_option->no_update = $response['no_update'];
} else {
$new_option->response = array();
$new_option->translations = array();
$new_option->no_update = array();
}
set_site_transient( 'update_plugins', $new_option );
}
/**
* Check theme versions against the latest versions hosted on WordPress.org.
*
* A list of all themes installed in sent to WP. Checks against the
* WordPress server at api.wordpress.org. Will only check if WordPress isn't
* installing.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @global string $wp_version The WordPress version string.
*
* @param array $extra_stats Extra statistics to report to the WordPress.org API.
*/
function wp_update_themes( $extra_stats = array() ) {
if ( wp_installing() ) {
return;
}
// Include an unmodified $wp_version.
require ABSPATH . WPINC . '/version.php';
$installed_themes = wp_get_themes();
$translations = wp_get_installed_translations( 'themes' );
$last_update = get_site_transient( 'update_themes' );
if ( ! is_object( $last_update ) ) {
$last_update = new stdClass;
}
$themes = array();
$checked = array();
$request = array();
// Put slug of current theme into request.
$request['active'] = get_option( 'stylesheet' );
foreach ( $installed_themes as $theme ) {
$checked[ $theme->get_stylesheet() ] = $theme->get( 'Version' );
$themes[ $theme->get_stylesheet() ] = array(
'Name' => $theme->get( 'Name' ),
'Title' => $theme->get( 'Name' ),
'Version' => $theme->get( 'Version' ),
'Author' => $theme->get( 'Author' ),
'Author URI' => $theme->get( 'AuthorURI' ),
'Template' => $theme->get_template(),
'Stylesheet' => $theme->get_stylesheet(),
);
}
$doing_cron = wp_doing_cron();
// Check for update on a different schedule, depending on the page.
switch ( current_filter() ) {
case 'upgrader_process_complete':
$timeout = 0;
break;
case 'load-update-core.php':
$timeout = MINUTE_IN_SECONDS;
break;
case 'load-themes.php':
case 'load-update.php':
$timeout = HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
break;
default:
if ( $doing_cron ) {
$timeout = 2 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
} else {
$timeout = 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
}
}
$time_not_changed = isset( $last_update->last_checked ) && $timeout > ( time() - $last_update->last_checked );
if ( $time_not_changed && ! $extra_stats ) {
$theme_changed = false;
foreach ( $checked as $slug => $v ) {
if ( ! isset( $last_update->checked[ $slug ] ) || strval( $last_update->checked[ $slug ] ) !== strval( $v ) ) {
$theme_changed = true;
}
}
if ( isset( $last_update->response ) && is_array( $last_update->response ) ) {
foreach ( $last_update->response as $slug => $update_details ) {
if ( ! isset( $checked[ $slug ] ) ) {
$theme_changed = true;
break;
}
}
}
// Bail if we've checked recently and if nothing has changed.
if ( ! $theme_changed ) {
return;
}
}
// Update last_checked for current to prevent multiple blocking requests if request hangs.
$last_update->last_checked = time();
set_site_transient( 'update_themes', $last_update );
$request['themes'] = $themes;
$locales = array_values( get_available_languages() );
/**
* Filters the locales requested for theme translations.
*
* @since 3.7.0
* @since 4.5.0 The default value of the `$locales` parameter changed to include all locales.
*
* @param array $locales Theme locales. Default is all available locales of the site.
*/
$locales = apply_filters( 'themes_update_check_locales', $locales );
$locales = array_unique( $locales );
if ( $doing_cron ) {
$timeout = 30;
} else {
// Three seconds, plus one extra second for every 10 themes.
$timeout = 3 + (int) ( count( $themes ) / 10 );
}
$options = array(
'timeout' => $timeout,
'body' => array(
'themes' => wp_json_encode( $request ),
'translations' => wp_json_encode( $translations ),
'locale' => wp_json_encode( $locales ),
),
'user-agent' => 'WordPress/' . $wp_version . '; ' . home_url( '/' ),
);
if ( $extra_stats ) {
$options['body']['update_stats'] = wp_json_encode( $extra_stats );
}
$url = 'http://api.wordpress.org/themes/update-check/1.1/';
$http_url = $url;
$ssl = wp_http_supports( array( 'ssl' ) );
if ( $ssl ) {
$url = set_url_scheme( $url, 'https' );
}
$raw_response = wp_remote_post( $url, $options );
if ( $ssl && is_wp_error( $raw_response ) ) {
trigger_error(
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
__( 'An unexpected error occurred. Something may be wrong with WordPress.org or this server’s configuration. If you continue to have problems, please try the support forums .' ),
__( 'https://wordpress.org/support/forums/' )
) . ' ' . __( '(WordPress could not establish a secure connection to WordPress.org. Please contact your server administrator.)' ),
headers_sent() || WP_DEBUG ? E_USER_WARNING : E_USER_NOTICE
);
$raw_response = wp_remote_post( $http_url, $options );
}
if ( is_wp_error( $raw_response ) || 200 != wp_remote_retrieve_response_code( $raw_response ) ) {
return;
}
$new_update = new stdClass;
$new_update->last_checked = time();
$new_update->checked = $checked;
$response = json_decode( wp_remote_retrieve_body( $raw_response ), true );
if ( is_array( $response ) ) {
$new_update->response = $response['themes'];
$new_update->translations = $response['translations'];
}
set_site_transient( 'update_themes', $new_update );
}
/**
* Performs WordPress automatic background updates.
*
* @since 3.7.0
*/
function wp_maybe_auto_update() {
include_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/admin.php';
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/class-wp-upgrader.php';
$upgrader = new WP_Automatic_Updater;
$upgrader->run();
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of all language updates available.
*
* @since 3.7.0
*
* @return object[] Array of translation objects that have available updates.
*/
function wp_get_translation_updates() {
$updates = array();
$transients = array(
'update_core' => 'core',
'update_plugins' => 'plugin',
'update_themes' => 'theme',
);
foreach ( $transients as $transient => $type ) {
$transient = get_site_transient( $transient );
if ( empty( $transient->translations ) ) {
continue;
}
foreach ( $transient->translations as $translation ) {
$updates[] = (object) $translation;
}
}
return $updates;
}
/**
* Collect counts and UI strings for available updates
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @return array
*/
function wp_get_update_data() {
$counts = array(
'plugins' => 0,
'themes' => 0,
'wordpress' => 0,
'translations' => 0,
);
$plugins = current_user_can( 'update_plugins' );
if ( $plugins ) {
$update_plugins = get_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
if ( ! empty( $update_plugins->response ) ) {
$counts['plugins'] = count( $update_plugins->response );
}
}
$themes = current_user_can( 'update_themes' );
if ( $themes ) {
$update_themes = get_site_transient( 'update_themes' );
if ( ! empty( $update_themes->response ) ) {
$counts['themes'] = count( $update_themes->response );
}
}
$core = current_user_can( 'update_core' );
if ( $core && function_exists( 'get_core_updates' ) ) {
$update_wordpress = get_core_updates( array( 'dismissed' => false ) );
if ( ! empty( $update_wordpress ) && ! in_array( $update_wordpress[0]->response, array( 'development', 'latest' ) ) && current_user_can( 'update_core' ) ) {
$counts['wordpress'] = 1;
}
}
if ( ( $core || $plugins || $themes ) && wp_get_translation_updates() ) {
$counts['translations'] = 1;
}
$counts['total'] = $counts['plugins'] + $counts['themes'] + $counts['wordpress'] + $counts['translations'];
$titles = array();
if ( $counts['wordpress'] ) {
/* translators: %d: Number of available WordPress updates. */
$titles['wordpress'] = sprintf( __( '%d WordPress Update' ), $counts['wordpress'] );
}
if ( $counts['plugins'] ) {
/* translators: %d: Number of available plugin updates. */
$titles['plugins'] = sprintf( _n( '%d Plugin Update', '%d Plugin Updates', $counts['plugins'] ), $counts['plugins'] );
}
if ( $counts['themes'] ) {
/* translators: %d: Number of available theme updates. */
$titles['themes'] = sprintf( _n( '%d Theme Update', '%d Theme Updates', $counts['themes'] ), $counts['themes'] );
}
if ( $counts['translations'] ) {
$titles['translations'] = __( 'Translation Updates' );
}
$update_title = $titles ? esc_attr( implode( ', ', $titles ) ) : '';
$update_data = array(
'counts' => $counts,
'title' => $update_title,
);
/**
* Filters the returned array of update data for plugins, themes, and WordPress core.
*
* @since 3.5.0
*
* @param array $update_data {
* Fetched update data.
*
* @type array $counts An array of counts for available plugin, theme, and WordPress updates.
* @type string $update_title Titles of available updates.
* }
* @param array $titles An array of update counts and UI strings for available updates.
*/
return apply_filters( 'wp_get_update_data', $update_data, $titles );
}
/**
* Determines whether core should be updated.
*
* @since 2.8.0
*
* @global string $wp_version The WordPress version string.
*/
function _maybe_update_core() {
// Include an unmodified $wp_version.
require ABSPATH . WPINC . '/version.php';
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_core' );
if ( isset( $current->last_checked, $current->version_checked ) &&
12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS > ( time() - $current->last_checked ) &&
$current->version_checked == $wp_version ) {
return;
}
wp_version_check();
}
/**
* Check the last time plugins were run before checking plugin versions.
*
* This might have been backported to WordPress 2.6.1 for performance reasons.
* This is used for the wp-admin to check only so often instead of every page
* load.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @access private
*/
function _maybe_update_plugins() {
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
if ( isset( $current->last_checked ) && 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS > ( time() - $current->last_checked ) ) {
return;
}
wp_update_plugins();
}
/**
* Check themes versions only after a duration of time.
*
* This is for performance reasons to make sure that on the theme version
* checker is not run on every page load.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @access private
*/
function _maybe_update_themes() {
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_themes' );
if ( isset( $current->last_checked ) && 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS > ( time() - $current->last_checked ) ) {
return;
}
wp_update_themes();
}
/**
* Schedule core, theme, and plugin update checks.
*
* @since 3.1.0
*/
function wp_schedule_update_checks() {
if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_version_check' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'wp_version_check' );
}
if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_update_plugins' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'wp_update_plugins' );
}
if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_update_themes' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'wp_update_themes' );
}
}
/**
* Clear existing update caches for plugins, themes, and core.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*/
function wp_clean_update_cache() {
if ( function_exists( 'wp_clean_plugins_cache' ) ) {
wp_clean_plugins_cache();
} else {
delete_site_transient( 'update_plugins' );
}
wp_clean_themes_cache();
delete_site_transient( 'update_core' );
}
if ( ( ! is_main_site() && ! is_network_admin() ) || wp_doing_ajax() ) {
return;
}
add_action( 'admin_init', '_maybe_update_core' );
add_action( 'wp_version_check', 'wp_version_check' );
add_action( 'load-plugins.php', 'wp_update_plugins' );
add_action( 'load-update.php', 'wp_update_plugins' );
add_action( 'load-update-core.php', 'wp_update_plugins' );
add_action( 'admin_init', '_maybe_update_plugins' );
add_action( 'wp_update_plugins', 'wp_update_plugins' );
add_action( 'load-themes.php', 'wp_update_themes' );
add_action( 'load-update.php', 'wp_update_themes' );
add_action( 'load-update-core.php', 'wp_update_themes' );
add_action( 'admin_init', '_maybe_update_themes' );
add_action( 'wp_update_themes', 'wp_update_themes' );
add_action( 'update_option_WPLANG', 'wp_clean_update_cache', 10, 0 );
add_action( 'wp_maybe_auto_update', 'wp_maybe_auto_update' );
add_action( 'init', 'wp_schedule_update_checks' );
October 2017 – kakabing
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Susu kambing merupakan minuman terbaik didunia, dan memiliki banyak sekali manfaat untuk kesihatan manusia.
Dengan rutin memberikan susu kambing kepada anak, akan memiliki kepadatan tulang yang baik, kadar hemoglibin meningkat,serta kecukupan vitamin A, B1, B2, yang penting bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel, dan saraf yang dapat membantu kecerdasan.
Kebaikan bagi kesihatan
Susu kambing merupakan sumber yang kaya mineral solenium sebagai nutrisi yang diperlukan untuk kekebalan tubuh dan bersifat antioksidan.
Susu kambing mengandungi asam lemak seperti kaprilat dan kaprat yang sangat antimikroba.
Susu kambing kurang menimbulkan alergi.
Susu kambing membantu meningkatkan PH aliran darah.
Kebaikan Untuk kecantikan
Susu kambing dapat digunakan sebagai masker wajah dan lulur.Cara ini berguna untuk menghaluskan kulit serta mengecilkan pori-pori wajah sehingga bebas dari berbagai masalah kulit seperti jerawat.
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Pros. It’s very light, very smooth, very fast. There are very popular ropes – but it’s really up to you to make up your own mind. There. Cons:. Basically all the same cons as the one just above, with the addition of bulkier knots due to the increased thickness of it. It really depends on you and who you’re tying. Different ropes have different advantages, different pros and cons. Pros. It’s very light, very smooth, very fast.
Weighs more than the one above, but that’s not a massive issue. Summary:. And to be honest, I’d much rather be helpful. So I’m going to go into the pros and cons of a few different ropes. Click here for a full review of the hemp rope I ordered from Twisted Monk. Summary:.
“Natural Fiber” Ropes:. Hemp, Jute, Sisal, Cotton, Coconut. (On the plus side, it’s not expensive to replace when you do cut it.). There is another type of cotton rope I’ve seen, which I picked up at a Mitre 10 a couple years back for fairly cheap. HOWEVER. The stuff I got from Twisted Monk is a very different story. If you love to color rope (think your partner would look hot in deep purple or something), nylon is also a good choice (pure nylon, not poly-blends with nylon, not poly-pro, poly doesn’t accept dye). Nylon is nicely smooth and comfortable as well, but it has very low tooth, so you need to use surgeon’s knots instead of square knots and any half-hitch style knot should be done three times instead of two.
Likely to get a very good life span with it. It feels really soft and smooth; very good flex, too. You need to dry it under tension, or it will shrink and thicken unevenly. It’s not as fast as some synthetic ropes; because of the higher tooth, it will travel more slowly over skin and clothing. This is a very thin plastic webbing; it is not something you want to get too close to a naked flame, because it will melt. I strongly suspect that if you get droplets of hot wax on it, that it will cause stiff melted crackly bits in your rope, and that’s just not going to be pleasant for either the person tying or the person being tied.
Just make darn sure to keep those EMT shears handy and be prepared for a bit of swearing and frustration over the knots if it’s a loose braid. If you like shopping on the internet for your rope (either because it’s hard to find cotton rope near you or because you prefer your bondage gear to arrive in anonymous parcels), then you can buy cotton rope here instead. However, I snapped a couple of pictures of it while I was at Bunnings. I can’t give you as thorough a break down on it, but I made some observations. It generally has very clean lines, and has a sort of compelling aesthetic to it which honestly can make a person fall in love with it. Knots that look so-so with cotton or synthetic somehow look amazing with jute. That is, the colors will be more muted, less brilliant. Con: More expensive. So if you’re going to use it, keep those EMT shears handy. (On the plus side, it’s not expensive to replace when you do cut it.).